中英對照讀新聞》Meet Bitcoin Gold, Yet Another New Kind of Bitcoin 認識「比特幣黃金」，另一款新型比特幣

虛擬貨幣比特幣示意圖。（彭博資料照）

◎劉宜庭

After bitcoin endured a split back in August, creating the new Bitcoin Cash cryptocurrency, it happened again on October 24. This time, the aim was to create a new coin called Bitcoin Gold.

比特幣8月經歷一次分裂，形成新的加密貨幣「比特幣現金」，同樣的情況10月24日再度發生。這次旨在創建一款名為「比特幣黃金」的新型貨幣。

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As before, the split—known as a “fork” in the industry—has led to two currencies, each having the same transaction history up until the point of separation, where they went their own ways.

（比特幣）的分裂依舊被稱為該產業的「分叉」，（分叉）已導致兩款貨幣出現，它們在分叉點之前各自擁有相同的歷史交易紀錄，此後則分道揚鑣。

The creation of Bitcoin Cash was intended as a solution to bitcoin’s scaling problems, so what’s the deal with Bitcoin Gold? The new version has a different goal： to re-decentralize the mining of bitcoin.

創建「比特幣現金」是為了解決比特幣的規模問題，那創建「比特幣黃金」又是為何？新版比特幣有不同目標：重新分散比特幣的開採。

While bitcoin started out as something that many people could “mine”—with their computers racing against others to be the first to verify blocks of transactions—it can these days only be mined by someone with warehouses full of specialist equipment. This leaves the profitable activity in the hands of a relatively small group of players, and the people behind Bitcoin Gold （BTG） want regular people to be able to play again.

比特幣形成時可被「開採」，（採礦者）以電腦彼此競賽，爭取率先驗證交易區塊，但如今只有在倉庫堆滿專業設備的礦工可以「開採」比特幣。相對少數的玩家把持這些有利可圖的活動，而「比特幣黃金」的創建者希望一般人能再次參與（開採比特幣的活動）。

新聞辭典

Bitcoin：名詞，比特幣。例句：The value of Bitcoins fluctuates a lot, ranging from US$0.30 in 2011 to over US$5,400 as of late October 2017.（比特幣的價格起伏很大，範圍自2011年的0.3美元，至2017年10月下旬的5400美元。）

Bitcoin Cash：名詞，比特幣現金。例句：Bitcoin Cash, the “Bitcoin hard fork” currency, will undergo such a protocol change of its own on November 13.（「比特幣硬分叉」所形成的貨幣「比特幣現金」，11月13日將進行協定變更。）

cryptocurrency：名詞，加密貨幣。例句：Bitcoin cryptocurrency hit another all-time high Thursday morning, surpassing $7,000 for the first time.（加密貨幣「比特幣」週四上午再創歷史新高，首次超過7000美元。）

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