《中英對照讀新聞》India tops global pollution deaths of 9 million a year 全球污染一年致900萬人死亡，印度居冠

研究顯示，二○一五年全球有九百萬人死於污染，比愛滋、肺結核與瘧疾死亡總數多三倍，尤以印度情況最糟，有250萬人因污染而早死。圖為新德里的嚴重空污。（歐新社）

◎魏國金

Pollution caused nine million deaths in 2015 - three times more than AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria combined - scientists said, calling for governments in poor countries to act.

2015年，污染導致900萬人死亡—比愛滋、肺結核與瘧疾死亡總數多3倍—科學家指出，呼籲貧窮國家政府有所行動。

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India fared worst, with 2.5 million people dying early because of pollution, followed by China with 1.8 million deaths. One in six of all deaths worldwide are caused by pollution, and the vast majority occur in developing countries, the report in The Lancet medical journal said.

印度情況最糟，有250萬人因污染而早死，中國以180萬人死亡緊接在後。全球所有死亡案例中，每6件就有1件肇因於污染，而且絕大多數發生在開發中國家，這份發表在「刺胳針」醫學期刊的報告說。

"With globalisation, mining and manufacturing shifted to poorer countries, where environmental regulations and enforcement can be lax," said Karti Sandilya, one of the authors and an adviser to environmental group Pure Earth.

「隨著全球化，採礦與製造業轉移至窮國，這些國家的環境規範與執行可能鬆散」，報告作者之一兼環保團體「淨土」的顧問桑迪利亞說。

"People in poorer countries - like construction workers in New Delhi - are more exposed to air pollution and less able to protect themselves from exposure, as they walk, bike or ride the bus to workplaces that may also be polluted." In contrast, many people in developed countries commute to air-conditioned offices in air-conditioned cars, he said.

「窮國人民—像是新德里的建築工人，在他們走路、騎車或搭巴士前往可能也被污染的工作場所時，較多暴露在空污中，同時較無法保護自己免於暴露。」相較之下，已開發國家中，許多人以有空調的汽車，通勤往返於有空調的辦公室，他說。

Exposure to high levels of air pollution, especially over many years, can affect human respiratory and inflammatory systems, and can lead to heart disease, stroke and lung cancer.

暴露於高濃度的空氣污染，尤其是暴露多年，恐影響人們的呼吸與炎症系統，並導致罹患心臟病、中風與肺癌。

新聞辭典

fare：遭遇、進展。例句：Our economy is faring far better than a few years ago.（我國的經濟狀況比幾年前好很多。）

lax：不嚴格的、馬虎的。例句：The police were lax in enforcing the law.（警察執法不嚴。）

commute：通勤、乘車往返。例句：She commutes from her home in the suburbs to her office downtown.（她在市郊的住家與市中心的辦公室之間通勤往返。）

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